There are many different components of food contributing to our health. They provide energy, fibre and nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Plant foods can also contain other special health benefits in the form of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are substances that serve the plant in some way, but can also have health benefits for humans, and are often referred to as phytonutrients. They may protect the plant from fungi, bacteria or viruses, they can also give plants their particular flavour, odour or taste.
One example are flavonoids, which are the largest group of phytonutrients. Flavinoids are anti-oxidants found in fruits and vegetables associated with the prevention of cancer, neurodegenerative disease and cardiovascular disease. Brussel sprouts, berries, citrus fruits and several spices are rich in flavonoids. Phytonutrients are also part of whole grains, beans, nuts and teas. There have been many thousands of different phytonutrients identified, and there may be man more that have not yet been discovered.
Research has shown that phytonutrients can stimulate the immune system, prevent toxic compounds from becoming carcinogenic, reduce inflammation, prevent damage to our DNA, as well as a host of other benefits. The good news is that phytochemicals are widely found in our food supply, and eating a variety of fruits and vegetables ensures we consume plenty.
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